かどうか and か

かどうか and か

かどうか

Whether or not X
plain form verb + Xかどうか + verb

かどうか is a phrase that means “whether or not“. It must follow a noun, adjective, or verb, and cannot appear at the start of a sentence. It is commonly used with verbs like わからない or しらない. 

*ます form verbs may NOT be used before かどうか。

Typically only を may be omitted with かどうか

  • 暑いかどうかわからない。- I don’t know whether or not its hot.
  • かどうかわからない – I don’t know whether or not its a cat.
  • 宿題をするかどうか決めていない – I haven’t decided whether to do my homework or not.
  • 合格するかどうか先生しだい – Whether or not you pass, it’s up to the teacher.  

Whether or not questions

かどうか can also be used to make yes or no “whether” questions: 

  • 練習しているかどうか知っていますか? – Do you know whether he’s practicing?

For yes or no questions, かどうか may be abbreviated to。It cannot be abbreviated in statements.

  • 寝ている知っていますか?- Do you know if he’s sleeping?

か (Yes or No)

Do you….
plain form questionか+ 知る/わかる/覚えているなど

か may also be used to make yes or no questions, however this is not limited to whether or not type questions. It does this by connecting two question words. The last question word will typically be know, remember, etc.

  • 猫をかっている知っています – Do you know if he has a cat (as a pet). (Whether type question)
  • 僕の誕生日はいつ覚えています? – Do you remember when my birthday is?
  • パーティは何日、知っています  – Do you know what date the party is?

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