N5 Particles Summary Table
This chart has all of the usages of particles (single かな particles) discussed in the Beginner and N5 content, with links and examples. If I missed a usage, please let me know below.
| Particle | Use | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| は | Topic Marker | わたしは先生です | I am a teacher |
| も | Also | わたしも先生です | I am also a teacher. |
| Emphasis | ひとりもこなかった | Not a single person came. | |
| が | Subject Marker | かれが食べた | He ate it |
| But | 行きたいが、いそがしい | I want to go but I'm busy | |
| Questions (in place of は) | だれがたべた | Who ate it | |
| Specificity | ねこがすき | I like cats | |
| Answers to questions | かれが食べた | He ate it | |
| か | Making a question | 食べましたか? | Did you eat? |
| "or" in a list | ねこか犬、どちらがすき？ | Do you like cats or dogs? | |
| に | Location marker | 学校にいる | (someone) is at school. |
| End Point Marker | 学校にいく | Go to school | |
| Two Party Verbs | かれににほんごを教える | Teach Japanese to him. | |
| Adverb Marker | しずかによむ | Quietly read | |
| Goal/Purpose Marker | たべにいく | Go to eat. | |
| "Result marker" (する・なる） | ロボットになる | Become a robot | |
| Time Marker | 12じにたべる | Eat at twelve | |
| へ | General Direction Marker | やまへむかう | Go towards the mountains. |
| で | Location marker (area) | 学校でべきょうする | Study in school. |
| "How" Marker | 本でべんきょうする | Study with a book. | |
| "How" Marker | でんしゃでいく | Goby train | |
| や | "Things like" | りんごやみかん | (things like) apples or oranges |
| と | "and" | リンゴとばなな | Apple(s) and Banana(s) |
| With | かれと話した | I talked with him. |